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Note: The State of Alaska does not seem to have a spacific statement saying that an optical image is as good as the original as evidance in court.

(1) "acceptance" means the determination by the recorder that a document is recordable under this chapter accompanied by marking an identifying code on the document and entering the document in a daily log;

(2) "certified copy" means a copy of a document certified as correct by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification;

(3) "conveyance" means a transfer of an interest in real property other than by will or operation of law;

(4) "department" means the Department of Natural Resources;

(5) "document" means a writing, plat, plan, or map, and includes information in a form, such as electronic, mechanical, or magnetic storage; microfilm; or electronic data transmission signals, that can be converted into legible writing, plat, plan, or map form by a machine or device;

TITLE 24. LEGISLATURE

Chapter 24.55. OFFICE OF THE OMBUDSMAN

Sec. 24.55.330. DEFINITIONS.

In this chapter:

(1) "administrative act" means an action, omission, decision, recommendation, practice, policy, or procedure of an agency, but does not include the preparation or presentation of legislation or the substantive content of a judicial order, decision, or opinion;

(2) "agency" includes a department, office, institution, corporation, authority, organization, commission, committee, council, or board of a municipality or in the executive, legislative, or judicial branches of the state government, and a department, office, institution, corporation, authority, organization, commission, committee, council, or board of a municipality or of the state government independent of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches; it also includes an officer, employee, or member of an "agency" acting or purporting to act in the exercise of official duties, but does not include the governor, lieutenant governor, a member of the legislature, justice of the supreme court, judge of the court of appeals, a superior court judge, district court judge, magistrate, member of a city council or borough assembly, elected city or borough mayor, or a member of an elected school board;

(3) "record" means a document, paper, memorandum, book, letter, file, drawing, map, plat, photo, photographic file, motion picture, film, microfilm, microphotograph, exhibit, magnetic or paper tape, punched card, or other item developed or received under law or in connection with the transaction of official business, but does not include an attorney's work product, material that is confidential as a privileged communication between an attorney and client under rules adopted by the supreme court, or confidential oil and gas geological and geophysical data.

Sec. 40.17.900. DEFINITIONS.

In this chapter:

(2) "certified copy" means a copy of a document certified as correct by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification;

(3) "conveyance" means a transfer of an interest in real property other than by will or operation of law;

(4) "department" means the Department of Natural Resources;

(5) "document" means a writing, plat, plan, or map, and includes information in a form, such as electronic, mechanical, or magnetic storage; microfilm; or electronic data transmission signals, that can be converted into legible writing, plat, plan, or map form by a machine or device;

Sec. 40.21.120. STANDARDS OF CLARITY, ACCURACY, AND PERMANENCY OF COPIES.

When a public officer performing duties under this chapter is required or authorized by law to record, copy, recopy, or replace any public record, the officer may do so by photostatic, photographic, microphotographic, microfilm

Sec. 40.21.150. DEFINITIONS.

In this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires,

(1) "agency" or "state agency" means a department, office, agency, state board, commission, public corporation or other organizational unit of or created under the executive branch of the state government; the term does not include the University of Alaska;

(2) "archives" means

(A) the noncurrent records of a state agency or political subdivision of the state preserved, after appraisal, because of their value; also referred to as archival material or archival holdings; or

(B) the agency responsible for selecting, preserving and making available archival material; also referred to as an archival agency; or

(3) "department" means the Department of Education;

(4) "local record" means a public record of a city or borough of any class, villages, district, authority or other political subdivision unless the record is designated or treated as a state record under state law;

(5) "record" means any document, paper, book, letter, drawing, map, plat, photo, photographic file, motion picture film, microfilm, microphotograph, exhibit, magnetic or paper tape, punched card, or other document of any other material, regardless of physical form or characteristic, developed or received under law or in connection with the transaction of official business and preserved or appropriate for preservation by an agency or political subdivision, as evidence of the organization, function, policies, decisions, procedures, operations or other activities of the state or political subdivision or because of the informational value in them; the term does not include library and museum material developed or acquired and preserved solely for reference, historical or exhibition purposes, extra copies of documents preserved solely for convenience of reference, or stocks of publications and processed documents;

TITLE 40. PUBLIC RECORDS AND RECORDERS

Chapter 40.17. RECORDING IN PUBLIC RECORDS

Sec. 40.17.900. DEFINITIONS.

In this chapter

(2) "certified copy" means a copy of a document certified as correct by the custodian or other person authorized to make the certification;

(3) "conveyance" means a transfer of an interest in real property other than by will or operation of law;

(4) "department" means the Department of Natural Resources;

Sec. 40.21.120. STANDARDS OF CLARITY, ACCURACY, AND PERMANENCY OF COPIES.

Sec. 40.21.150. DEFINITIONS.

(5) "record" means any document, paper, book, letter, drawing, map, plat, photo, photographic file, motion picture film, microfilm, microphotograph, exhibit, magnetic or paper tape, punched card, or other document of any other material, regardless of physical form or characteristic, developed or received under law or in connection with the transaction of official business and preserved or appropriate for preservation by an agency or political subdivision, as evidence of the organization, function, policies, decisions, procedures, operations or other activities of the state or political subdivision or because of the informational value in them; the term does not include library and museum material developed or acquired and preserved solely for reference, historical or exhibition purposes, extra copies of documents preserved solely for convenience of reference, or stocks of publications and processed documents;

TITLE 45. TRADE AND COMMERCE

Chapter 45.04. BANK DEPOSITS AND COLLECTIONS

Sec. 45.04.110. ELECTRONIC PRESENTMENT.

(a) "Agreement for electronic presentment" means an agreement, clearinghouse rule, or Federal Reserve regulation or operating circular, providing that presentment of an item may be made by transmission of an image of an item or information describing the item, a "presentment notice," rather than delivery of the item itself. The agreement may provide for procedures governing retention, presentment, payment, dishonor, and other matters concerning items subject to the agreement.

(b) Presentment of an item under an agreement for presentment is made when the presentment notice is received.

(c) If presentment is made by presentment notice, a reference to "item" or "check" in this chapter means the presentment notice unless the context otherwise indicates.

TITLE 45. TRADE AND COMMERCE

Chapter 45.09. SECURED TRANSACTIONS; SALES OF ACCOUNTS, CONTRACT RIGHTS, AND CHATTEL PAPER

Sec. 45.09.403. WHAT CONSTITUTES FILING; DURATION OF FILING; EFFECT OF LAPSED FILING; DUTIES OF FILING OFFICER.

(a) Presentation for filing of a financing statement and tender of the filing fee or acceptance of the statement by the filing officer constitutes filing under this chapter.

(b) Except as provided in (f) of this section, a filed financing statement is effective for a period of five years from the date of filing. The effectiveness of a filed financing statement lapses on the expiration of the five-year period unless a continuation statement is filed before the lapse. If a security interest perfected by filing exists at the time insolvency proceedings are commenced by or against the debtor, the security interest remains perected until termination of the insolvency proceedings and after the termination for a period of 60 days or until expiration of the five-year period, whichever occurs later. Upon the lapse the security interest becomes unperfected, unless it is perfected without filing. If the security interest becomes unperfected upon lapse, it is considered to have been unperfected as against a person who became a purchaser or lien creditor before the lapse.

(c) A continuation statement may be filed by the secured party within six months before the expiration of the five-year period specified in (b) of this section. The continuation statement must be signed by the secured party, identify the original statement by file number, and state that the original statement is still effective. A continuation statement signed by a person other than the secured party of record must be accompanied by a separate written statement of assignment signed by the secured party of record and complying with AS 45.09.405(b), including payment of the required fee. Upon timely filing of the continuation statement, the effectiveness of the original statement is continued for five years after the last date to which the filing was effective; it then lapses in the same manner as provided in (b) of this section unless another continuation statement is filed before the lapse. Succeeding continuation statements may be filed in the same manner to continue the effectiveness of the original statement. Unless a statute on disposition of public records provides otherwise, the filing officer may remove a lapsed statement from the files and destroy it immediately if the filing officer has retained a microfilm or other photographic record, or in other cases after one year after the lapse. The filing officer shall so arrange matters by physical annexation of financing statements to continuation statements or other related filings, or by other means, that if the filing officer physically destroys the financing statements of a period more than five years past, those which have been continued by a continuation statement or which are still effective under (f) of this section shall be retained.

John Stewart, State Archivist